SHORT TERM HYDRO THERMAL SCHEDULING PROBLEM: A REVIEW

Operation of a system having both hydro and thermal plants is far more complex and is of much more importance in a modern interconnected power system. The objective of the STHS problem is to optimize the electricity production, considering a short-term planning horizon. This paper presents an extensive review of a short term hydro thermal scheduling problem. The paper demonstrates results of various evolutionary and analytical methods applied on a short term hydro thermal scheduling problem .All the assumptions made and a brief description of the solution methods is presented in the paper. The paper provides helpful information and resources for the future studies for researchers those interested in the problem or intending to do additional research in this area

Paget’s Disease of Maxilla: A Case Report

Paget disease of bone (PDB) is an idiopathic, chronic progressive disease of the bone, characterized by disordered pattern of bone resorption and formation. It has been observed to manifest itself as both monostotic and polyostotic disease. The scientific literature does not report a lot of cases on the incidence of this disease involving the jaws. In India, however a few cases have been reported in the recent times. Paget’s disease manifests itself as an asymptomatic disorder until it progresses onto the advanced stage where it becomes painful. Thus, its diagnosis on radiographs in the early stage is of paramount importance in order to deter its complications which may not only end up in disability but also can be fatal to life

Sports Dentistry and Dental Traumatology- A Review

Dental traumatology is a major connecting link between sports and dentistry. Sporting activities have become a huge integral part for those people who want to get involved in recreational activities. Dentistry plays a key role in handling oral and maxillofacial injuries which arise due to any sports activity. Sports dentistry is actually associated with prevention of injuries of oral and maxillofacial region and specific oral diseases in this particular area and its manifestations. Over the years, various preventive measures have become a significant part of sports dentistry which includes the use of mouthguard and dietary counselling. A sports team dentist, who plays a huge part in the diagnosis, management and prevention of injuries and diseases in sports-persons is also a great need in schools and colleges. In this review, we discuss the relationship of sports and dental diseases and how the parents and teachers are becoming an important factor in prevention of sports related injuries

AN OVERVIEW ON PHARMACOVIGILANCE: A KEY FOR DRUG SAFETY AND MONITORING

Pharmacovigilance outlined by the globe Health Organization (WHO) because the science and series of activities about the detection, evaluation, understanding rejection of adverse impact or Associate in Nursing different drug connected problem’ and a clinical test could be an analysis study in human volunteers to answer specific health queries. Fastidiously conducted clinical trials square measure quickest and safest thanks to realizing treatment that employment in individuals and thanks to improving health.  Play a crucial role in guaranteeing that patient to be provided the safe drug. The Pharmacovigilance has been recognizing to play a crucial role in the rational use of the drug by providing data concerning the adverse impact possess by drug normally population. The information of drug Adverse Drug Reaction (ADRs) are often increased by numerous suggests that such information studies, intensive observation, spontaneous reportage and different new method at dictatorial and scientific level square measure being developed with the intention of step-up Pharmacovigilance. As a result of assessment strategies are not entirely void of individual judgments, integrator reliableness is often low. In conclusions, there's still no methodology universally accepted for casualty assessment of ADRs. Keywords: Adverse Drug Reaction, Clinical test, Pharmacovigilance, Treatment

Metabolic engineering of CHO cells for the development of a robust protein production platform

<div><p>Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are the most preferred mammalian host used for the bio-pharmaceutical production. A major challenge in metabolic engineering is to balance the flux of the tuned heterogonous metabolic pathway and achieve efficient metabolic response in a mammalian cellular system. Pyruvate carboxylase is an important network element for the cytoplasmic and mitochondrial metabolic pathway and efficiently contributes in enhancing the energy metabolism. The lactate accumulation in cell culture can be reduced by re-wiring of the pyruvate flux in engineered cells. In the present work, we over-expressed the yeast cytosolic pyruvate carboxylase (PYC2) enzyme in CHO cells to augment pyruvate flux towards the TCA cycle. The dual selection strategy is adopted for the screening and isolation of CHO clones containing varying number of PYC2 gene load and studied their cellular kinetics. The enhanced PYC2 expression has led to enhanced pyruvate flux which, thus, allowed reduced lactate accumulation up to 4 folds and significant increase in the cell density and culture longevity. With this result, engineered cells have shown a significant enhanced antibody expression up to 70% with improved product quality (~3 fold) as compared to the parental cells. The PYC2 engineering allowed overall improved cell performance with various advantages over parent cells in terms of pyruvate, glucose, lactate and cellular energy metabolism. This study provides a potential expression platform for a bio-therapeutic protein production in a controlled culture environment.</p></div

Culture performance of the clone 12 expressing PYC2 and parental CHO cell in culture medium MamPF77, CDM4perMAB and Dynamis in batch mode.

<p>Graph representing culture profile: (A and D) Cell density, (B and E) cell viability, (C and F) lactate profile.</p

Comparative fed batch study of mAb expression in CHO-PYC2 clone 12 and CHO-S control cells.

<p><b>(A)</b> Cell density, (<b>B)</b> Cell viability, (<b>C)</b> Lactate profile (<b>D)</b> Specific productivity and <b>(E)</b> Titer profile.</p

Comparative glycoform analysis of mAb secreted from the clone expressing PYC2 gene and a set of control without PYC2 over-expression.

<p>Relative abundance of glycan composition of a mAb.</p

Culture performance of the clone#12 expressing PYC2 and parental CHO cell in shake flask fed-batch culture.

<p><b>Graph representing culture profile: (A)</b> Cell density,(<b>B)</b> cell viability, (<b>C)</b> Glutamine (<b>D)</b> lactate and (<b>E)</b> glucose consumption profiles.</p

Amino acid analysis of spent medium.

<p>Concentration of the glutamic acid, aspartic acid and alanine profile of parental CHO cells and clone#12 grown in a fed -batch culture at different time interval. (<b>A</b>) Glutamic acid (<b>B)</b> Aspartic acid (<b>C)</b> Alanine.</p